The difference between an emergency fund and a sinking fund, as illustrated by The FI Guy.
Most financial experts recommend having at least 3-6 months of expenses set aside as an emergency fund. This is used for true emergencies/things that you weren’t expecting (like a job loss or car accident). Hopefully these things never happen, but if they do, at least you’ll be covered. If you have to dip into your emergency fund, re-supply it as soon as you can to get it back to where it needs to be.
The “sinking fund” is something not as many people know or talk about. This is for known future expenses. For example, if you’re a 1099 self-employed individual, you better be setting aside money for taxes, because the tax man comes around every year to collect. And guess what? The car you drive? It will need an oil change and new tires every so often. Christmas and birthdays? They come at the same time every year, so if you plan on giving gifts, you should put money away in a sinking fund to cover those expenses.
Focus more on quality (of experiences and of items), not quantity.
Why do you want a bunch of junk? Just because you’re getting more of something doesn’t make it better. In fact, having a surplus of worthless items creates more clutter, more stress, and more work for you.
Even is you consider a less extreme example, why would you want many mediocre items to manage or care for when you can gain more time back and improve your experience by having higher quality items?
Sometimes, less is more. Focus on having less material items to care for, but making sure that the ones you do have bring joy to you, serve a purpose, and are of the best quality you can reasonably afford.
Does diversification really make sense? I used to think, of course it makes sense! When you diversify, you are spreading out (aka minimizing) your potential risk. But you’re also minimizing your potential reward. So now, my thinking is…maybe. I think it depends on your level of knowledge in what you’re investing in.
Diversification for the novice investor can be thought of as risk mitigation, but for the expert in their field, instead of putting all of their eggs in the basket they know best, they would be putting some eggs in that basket and some in other baskets which they have limited information/knowledge on how to properly optimize their return on investment. An analogy would be to consider a generalist versus a specialist. A generalist might be a jack of all trades, but a master of none, just as diversifying your portfolio makes you “good” in several areas, but not excellent in any. This is because you have spread yourself too thin to truly become an expert in one area.
For the novice investor (which I am, so no judgement is being passed here), I think diversification makes sense. But if you are an expert in your field and you know something better than 99% of the population, why would you reduce your investment where you have an informational advantage? Does it really make sense to invest in things that you don’t know as well just so you are diversified?
Does a top-tier athlete try to go pro in multiple sports or do they eventually select one and try to be the best at that? When you are starting a business, will you get as far by trying to do a little bit of everything and serving every type of client or does it make sense to niche down and become the “go-to” person/business for one specific type of client? That’s where the saying comes from, “when everyone is your customer, nobody is.” You don’t differentiate yourself from your competitors who have either become the experts in their field or who have the name brand recognition and can afford to spread their resources thin.
There are four sectors of the Cashflow Quadrant – E (employee), S (self-employed), B (business-owner), I (investor)
The Cashflow Quadrant describes four ways of making money – as an employee, a self-employed individual, a business-owner, or an investor. You are not limited to earning income in only one category at a time.
The most common way to make money (and what most people are trained for in school) is to be an employee. As an employee, you’re working for a company or organization and trading your time for money. You generally have the most “security” but the least amount of freedom as an employee (think W-2). You work the hours your employers set, follow their rules/handbook, and as a result, get paid a set wage (usually based on an hourly rate, but sometimes as a salary). Examples of this are everywhere – the cashier at the store you go to, the secretary at your office, a warehouse stocker, a janitor, teacher, office administrator, etc.
The second way to make money is as a self-employed individual (think 1099). Here, you don’t have a “boss,” but instead you are your own boss. It sounds great, but essentially you own your job here. You still trade time for money, but now you trade off some of the safety/stability of working for someone else and having a guaranteed paycheck for having to earn new business everyday. If you don’t sell something, you don’t get paid. Examples of this include lawyers, real estate agents, the owner of a landscaping company where the owner is doing a fair amount of revenue-generating/business-sustaining work, etc.
After that, you can move to the right side of the quadrant and start leveraging other people’s time or money to make you money.
In the business owner quadrant, you move yourself out of operations. You are no longer physically doing much of the work. Instead, you have employees doing the work on your behalf. You have scaled to the point where not everything hinges on you. If you decide to leave for a few weeks (or months), the business will still make money because of the people you have working for you, and the systems/processes you have in place. Think of Jeff Bezos, Steve Jobs, and Bill Gates as examples of this, but it can be on a much smaller scale too. Do you think any of them are out selling their products on an individual level, making the product, or packaging the product? Can they leave for vacation (or pass away) and have the company still survive (or thrive)? They leverage other people’s time so they can accomplish more.
Lastly, we have the investor quadrant. Anybody can be in the investor quadrant as long as they are investing in an asset that produces returns positive returns. The ultimate goal in the investor quadrant though should be to have your investments produce enough passive income to cover all of your expenses. once you get to that point, you won’t have to work another day in your life. You can choose to work, trillion time for money or being a business owner and working on your business, but you do not have to work. There are many ways to invest in assets, whether that is through index funds, mutual funds, cryptocurrency, and my personal favorite – real estate. Here, you leverage either your own money or, preferably, other people’s money to work and earn more money. The idea is that your money is working for you even when you’re sleeping.
Where I’ve been
As I write this, I’m now 31 years old. I’ve been working in some capacity for over half of my life now. I started working part-time jobs in high school on an alpaca farm, at a pizza shop, and landscaping. I took the first quarter off from work in college, but other than that I worked a minimum of 25 hours per week throughout the school year (and 40+ hours per week in the summer) at an office, as a personal trainer, and landscaping. After graduating, I began working 55-60 hour weeks at a food packaging plant, as a personal trainer and CrossFit coach, a gym manager, and a salesperson/project manager. I understand what it means to be an employee – trading time for money. I decided that this wasn’t the best path for me, even though I see how it makes sense to many people. The problem I had with it was two-fold. First, no matter how productive I was, my income was always capped. I could help the company make record profits, but it didn’t necessarily translate to an equal payday for me. But don’t hear what I’m not saying – I didn’t necessarily need to be paid in equal proportions to what I earned for the company. The business owners were the ones who took the risk to build the business and who spent the time, money, and energy in developing systems for me to succeed. It’s just that I knew my income and my family’s future would be capped if I stayed there. The second limiting factor for me as an employee is that I love learning and trying to implement new ideas. But as an employee, I had to stick to the rules and keep following what was working. I felt my innovative side was being stifled and I wanted to make my own rules. This led to my career change last year…
Where I am
As of June 2020, I became a licensed Realtor in the state of Ohio. The primary locations I focus on are Medina, Cuyahoga, Summit, Lorain, and Wayne counties. I generally work with people looking for a primary residence, and it ranges from first-time homebuyers, people looking to upsize, or people looking to downsize. That being said, my wife and I invest in rental properties and we work with other investors ranging from single family rentals/house flips, small multi-family, or commercial properties (such as apartments).
I’m now on a great team (The Casey Team) and working with an amazing brokerage (Russell Real Estate Services).
But even though I’m on a team, it’s still a 1099 (self-employed) profession. If I don’t sell houses, I don’t make money. I can cold call, door knock, show houses, and write offers, but if I don’t perform and close deals, I don’t get paid. It’s a 100% commission career and it can be stressful at times. But here, the harder I work, the more money I should make. My income isn’t capped.
As I mentioned, my wife and I do invest in real estate, but we also invest in the stock market with our IRA plans and her 403b. We also have the kids set up with UTMAs (Uniform Transfers to Minors Act) so they will be off to a good start once they become of age. We do not touch any of the cashflow from the rentals, dividends, or increases in equity that we receive from these investments and rather re-invest them so they can grow larger for us. This is similar to the example used for “make thy gold multiply” told in The Richest Man in Babylon.
Where I’m going (my plans)
My goal is to be able to retire by age 50. I don’t ever see a time when I want to stop working – I enjoy work, learning, and improving myself everyday. But I don’t want to have to work. If my family and I want to go on a long vacation, I want to be able to pick up and go.
With that being the end goal, I need to change a couple of things. First, I need my investments to produce a greater return. My goal is to do that through buying one new rental property every other year for the next 5 years, then hopefully increase to one per year (or more) for the following 15 years. We would hire a property manager so we are not handling the day-to-day items and it becomes a much more passive system.
I also want to move from the S (self-employed) quadrant to the B (business-owner) quadrant. While I don’t have any plans to open a brokerage, mortgage company, or title company, I would like to eventually be a partner on the current team I’m on and to get more Realtors on our team. Then we can have them out making deals while we help provide the support for them (with leads, office administrators, inside sales agents, stagers, photographers, etc). This will take time to build, and we will have to write up processes (and tweak them as we go). But this would eventually free me from the trading time for money conundrum that so many of us face.
If you have any tips or suggestions, feel free to leave them in the comments or to message me directly.
We “wanted to have our money work for us, rather than spend our lives physically working for money.” – Robert Kiyosaki in Cashflow Quadrant
When you are an employee working for someone or a corporation, you have the least amount of freedom. You are told how much vacation you get, what benefits you may or may not have, how many hours to work, and how to do your job.
When you are self-employed, you own your job. You have a little more freedom with the choices you make, but if you stop working (if you go on vacation, get sick, etc), the money stops coming in.
When you are a business owner, you have systems and processes in place so employees can continue working without you being present. You are still working, but rather than being the bottleneck where how much production or revenue is created depends on you and your time constraints, you could literally leave for a month or more and come back to a still-functioning business. Or, as Michael Gerber says in The E-Myth, instead of working in your business, you are working on your business. Instead of focusing on the day-to-day tasks, you’re focusing on big picture goals to move your business/company forward. Do you think Jeff Bezos packages the items you ordered on Amazon and ships it to you (the employee) or does he focus on new acquisitions to grow his business?
Lastly, you can be an investor. A professional investor gets their money to work for them, providing passive income. The greater amount of income your investments make, the longer you can afford to not work if you don’t want to. The money is working in your place. Eventually, if you can get your income from investments to cover all of your expenses, you technically won’t have to work another day in your life (barring something catastrophic happening to your investment).
Over the next couple of days, I plan to lay out my background for where I’ve been, where I am now, and what my goals are for the future (regarding obtaining financial freedom). I encourage you to comment in the section below to share any information about yourself, your plans, or what you think of my plans.
